Indications
Benzyl alcohol is a simple aromatic alcohol with several medical uses. As a 5% lotion it is used on the scalp and hair to treat head lice. In small amounts it is also used as a preservative in injections, creams and other medicines, and as a mild local anaesthetic and antiseptic in some skin products.
How It Works
In head lice treatment, benzyl alcohol blocks the tiny breathing holes (spiracles) of the lice so they cannot breathe and die. It does not reliably kill the eggs, which is why a second treatment is needed. As a preservative it stops bacteria and fungi from growing in the medicine, and on the skin it can briefly numb nerve endings to reduce itching or pain.
Dosage and Administration
Head lice lotion: use as directed on the label. The lotion is applied to dry hair until the scalp and all the hair are fully soaked, left on for about 10 minutes, and then rinsed off with water. The treatment is repeated after 7 days to kill lice that have hatched from eggs. Comb with a fine-toothed nit comb afterwards. The amount needed depends on hair length.
As a preservative or in skin products, it is used as part of the finished medicine and needs no separate dosing.
Interactions
No important interactions are known with the skin lotion. Avoid using other head lice products at the same time unless advised. In injections, the amount of benzyl alcohol from all preserved medicines given to a baby is added up by the medical team.
Contraindications
- Allergy to benzyl alcohol or any ingredient.
- Head lice lotion: infants under 6 months of age.
- Medicines preserved with benzyl alcohol should not be given by injection to newborns, especially premature babies, unless the doctor decides there is no alternative.
Side Effects
On the skin and scalp it may cause itching, redness, irritation, a stinging feeling, numbness at the site or eye irritation if it runs into the eyes. Allergic reactions are uncommon.
Get urgent medical help if a baby who has received medicines containing benzyl alcohol has breathing problems, gasping, drowsiness or low blood pressure, or if anyone develops swelling of the face, lips or throat, a widespread rash, or difficulty breathing. Rinse the eyes with plenty of water if the lotion gets into them, and see a doctor if irritation continues.
Pregnancy and Lactation
Only small amounts are absorbed through the skin, and the lotion is not expected to harm the unborn baby or breastfed infant. Still, ask your doctor or pharmacist before use during pregnancy or breastfeeding.
Precautions and Warnings
- For external use only; do not swallow.
- Protect the eyes with a towel during application.
- An adult should apply it to children and supervise its use.
- Check all close contacts for lice and treat at the same time if infested.
- Large amounts given to newborns can cause a serious reaction called gasping syndrome.
Overdose
If the lotion is swallowed, it may cause stomach upset, drowsiness or, in large amounts, breathing problems. Get medical help straight away, especially if a child has swallowed it.
Therapeutic Class
Pediculicide (head lice treatment), antimicrobial preservative, local anaesthetic.
Storage
Store below 30°C in a dry place, away from light and out of the reach of children.
Prepared by the Oshud Alo team from standard drug references. For information only; always follow your doctor's advice.