Indications
Calcium chloride is a calcium salt. In small amounts it is one of the electrolytes in many hospital fluids, such as Ringer’s and Hartmann’s solutions, dialysis fluids and eye irrigation solutions, where it replaces calcium lost from the body. As a concentrated injection it is used in emergencies to treat a very low blood calcium level, dangerously high potassium, overdose of calcium channel blockers or magnesium, and during some resuscitation situations.
How It Works
Calcium is needed for the heart to beat normally, for muscles and nerves to work, and for blood to clot. Calcium chloride quickly raises the amount of calcium in the blood and helps protect the heart from the effects of high potassium.
Dosage and Administration
Calcium chloride injection and the fluids that contain it are given into a vein by a doctor or nurse in hospital or in a dialysis unit. The dose, rate and type of fluid depend on the patient’s condition and blood test results and are decided by the doctor; use as prescribed. The concentrated injection must be given slowly, usually into a large vein, and must never be given into a muscle or under the skin.
Interactions
Calcium given into a vein can increase the effects of Digoxin on the heart and cause dangerous heart rhythms. It must not be mixed or given together in the same line with Ceftriaxone (especially in newborns), sodium bicarbonate, phosphates or sulfates, as solid particles can form. Thiazide water tablets can raise calcium levels further. It can reduce the effect of calcium channel blockers such as Verapamil.
Contraindications
- High blood calcium level.
- Digoxin poisoning, unless the doctor decides it is essential.
- Allergy to any ingredient of the product.
Side Effects
A feeling of warmth, tingling, a chalky taste, and irritation or pain along the vein. Given too fast it can cause a slow heartbeat, low blood pressure, flushing or fainting. If it leaks out of the vein it can damage the skin and tissue. Tell the nurse or doctor at once about pain, swelling or redness at the drip site, chest pain, an irregular or slow heartbeat, breathlessness, or swelling of the legs or face.
Pregnancy and Lactation
Used in pregnancy and breastfeeding when the doctor decides it is needed; normal blood calcium is important for both mother and baby.
Precautions and Warnings
Blood levels of calcium and other salts, kidney function and heart rhythm are checked during treatment. Extra care is needed in kidney disease, heart disease, sarcoidosis, kidney stones and in people taking Digoxin. Do not use if the solution is cloudy, contains particles or the container is damaged.
Overdose
Too much calcium causes nausea, vomiting, constipation, weakness, confusion and irregular heartbeat. The infusion is stopped and the patient is treated in hospital.
Therapeutic Class
Electrolyte and mineral replacement (calcium salt).
Storage
Store below 30°C and do not freeze. Keep out of the reach of children. Use immediately after opening and throw away any unused portion.
Prepared by the Oshud Alo team from standard drug references. For information only; always follow your doctor's advice.