Indications
Cefazolin is a first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic given by injection. It is widely used to prevent infection before and during surgery, and to treat infections caused by sensitive bacteria, such as skin and soft tissue infections, bone and joint infections, chest infections, urinary tract infections, bloodstream infections and some heart valve infections (endocarditis), especially those caused by Staphylococcus and Streptococcus.
How It Works
Cefazolin stops bacteria from building their cell walls by blocking enzymes called penicillin-binding proteins. Without a proper wall the bacteria burst and die. It works best against gram-positive bacteria and some gram-negative bacteria, but it does not work against viral infections or MRSA.
Dosage and Administration
Cefazolin is given into a vein (injection or drip) or into a muscle by a doctor or nurse, usually in hospital. The dose and how often it is given depend on the infection, body weight and kidney function, and are decided by the doctor as prescribed. For surgery, a dose is usually given within an hour before the operation. Complete the full course prescribed even if you feel better.
Interactions
- Probenecid: raises cefazolin levels.
- Warfarin: possible increase in bleeding risk; INR may need checking.
- Aminoglycosides (such as Gentamicin) and strong diuretics (such as Furosemide): may increase the risk of kidney problems.
- Live oral typhoid vaccine and live cholera vaccine: antibiotics may make them less effective.
Contraindications
Do not use if you are allergic to cefazolin or other cephalosporins. People who have had a severe immediate allergic reaction (anaphylaxis) to penicillins or other beta-lactam antibiotics should not receive it unless a specialist decides otherwise.
Side Effects
- Pain, swelling or redness at the injection site, or vein inflammation.
- Diarrhoea, nausea, loss of appetite.
- Skin rash or itching.
- Oral or vaginal thrush.
- Changes in blood counts and liver tests.
Get urgent medical help for swelling of the face, lips or throat, difficulty breathing, a widespread rash with blisters or peeling, severe or bloody diarrhoea during or after treatment (possible bowel infection), seizures, yellow skin or eyes, or unusual bruising or bleeding.
Pregnancy and Lactation
Cefazolin is commonly used in pregnancy, for example around caesarean section, and is generally considered safe when needed. Small amounts pass into breast milk; breastfeeding can usually continue, but watch the baby for diarrhoea or thrush.
Precautions and Warnings
Tell the doctor about any previous allergy to antibiotics, kidney disease (the dose may need reducing), bowel disease such as colitis, or a history of seizures. Long use can lead to growth of resistant germs or fungi. It may cause false results in some urine sugar tests and the Coombs test.
Overdose
Overdose is unlikely as it is given by health professionals. Very high doses, especially in kidney failure, may cause seizures. Treatment is supportive and haemodialysis may help.
Therapeutic Class
First-generation cephalosporin antibiotic.
Storage
Hospital medicine: store the powder below 30°C, protected from light, as directed on the pack. Use made-up solutions within the time stated on the pack. Keep out of the reach of children.
Prepared by the Oshud Alo team from standard drug references. For information only; always follow your doctor's advice.