Indications
Foeniculi fructus is the dried fruit (commonly called seed) of the fennel plant (Foeniculum vulgare). It is traditionally used to relieve mild digestive complaints such as bloating, wind, indigestion and mild stomach cramps. It is also added to herbal laxative preparations to reduce the griping (cramping) pain that stimulant laxatives can cause, and is used for mild coughs. Scientific evidence for these uses is limited.
How It Works
Fennel fruit contains an aromatic oil rich in anethole and fenchone. These compounds relax the smooth muscle of the gut, which eases cramps and helps trapped gas pass (a carminative effect). They may also gently loosen mucus in the airways.
Dosage and Administration
Take by mouth as directed on the label or by a registered practitioner. When part of a combination product, follow the dose for that product. As a tea, crushed fennel fruit is steeped in hot water and drunk after meals. Do not use medicinal amounts for more than 2 weeks without advice.
Interactions
- Fennel may reduce the absorption of Ciprofloxacin; take them at least 2 hours apart.
- Because it has weak oestrogen like activity, use with care alongside hormonal medicines such as birth control pills, hormone therapy or Tamoxifen.
Contraindications
Do not use if you are allergic to fennel or related plants (such as celery, carrot, aniseed, coriander or mugwort). Avoid concentrated fennel oil in children and in people with hormone sensitive conditions (such as some breast or womb cancers or endometriosis) unless a doctor advises it.
Side Effects
Fennel in normal amounts is generally well tolerated. Rarely, allergic skin or breathing reactions and increased sensitivity of the skin to sunlight may occur.
Get urgent medical help if you notice swelling of the face, lips or throat, difficulty breathing or a widespread rash, as these may be signs of a serious allergic reaction.
Pregnancy and Lactation
Fennel used in normal food amounts is considered safe. Medicinal doses, extracts or fennel oil are best avoided in pregnancy and while breastfeeding unless a doctor advises it. If it is part of a laxative product, that product may itself be unsuitable in pregnancy.
Precautions and Warnings
- See a doctor if digestive symptoms last more than 2 weeks or are severe.
- Do not give fennel oil to infants or young children.
- Follow the warnings of any combination product that contains fennel.
Overdose
Large amounts of fennel oil can cause nausea, vomiting, drowsiness, and in rare cases fits or breathing problems. Get medical help if a large amount has been swallowed, especially by a child.
Therapeutic Class
Herbal carminative (digestive aid).
Storage
Store below 30°C in a dry place, away from light and out of the reach of children.
Prepared by the Oshud Alo team from standard drug references. For information only; always follow your doctor's advice.