Indications
Hib vaccine protects against infections caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b, a bacterium that can cause meningitis (infection of the brain lining), pneumonia, epiglottitis (dangerous swelling in the throat), blood infection and bone or joint infection, mainly in children under 5 years. It is given alone or as part of combination vaccines for routine infant immunisation, and to some older people at high risk, such as those without a working spleen.
How It Works
The vaccine contains a sugar from the outer coat of the Hib bacterium joined to a carrier protein (a conjugate vaccine). This combination helps a baby’s immune system recognise the bacterium and make long lasting antibodies. It contains no live bacteria and cannot cause infection.
Dosage and Administration
It is given as an injection into a muscle, usually the thigh in infants, by a doctor, nurse or trained vaccinator. The number of doses and their timing follow the national immunisation schedule or the schedule set by the doctor.
Interactions
It can be given on the same day as other routine childhood vaccines, at a different site. Immunosuppressive medicines, such as high dose Prednisolone or chemotherapy, may reduce the response. Tell the vaccinator about blood thinners such as Warfarin.
Contraindications
- Severe allergic reaction to a previous dose or to any component of the vaccine, including the carrier protein.
- It is not usually given to babies younger than 6 weeks.
Side Effects
Common: pain, redness and swelling at the injection site, fever, irritability, crying, sleepiness and poor appetite for a day or two. Rare: severe allergic reaction.
Get urgent medical help if there is difficulty breathing, swelling of the face or throat, a widespread rash, a seizure, or the child becomes floppy or unresponsive.
Pregnancy and Lactation
It is not routinely given in pregnancy. It is considered safe during breastfeeding. Follow your doctor’s advice.
Precautions and Warnings
Vaccination is usually delayed during a high fever or moderate to severe illness; a mild cold is not a reason to delay. Tell the vaccinator about earlier reactions, bleeding disorders or immune problems. The vaccine protects only against type b Haemophilus influenzae, not other types or other causes of meningitis. The vaccinated person should be watched for 15 to 30 minutes afterwards.
Overdose
Overdose is unlikely because it is given by health professionals in measured doses. If an extra dose is given by mistake, inform the doctor.
Therapeutic Class
Bacterial conjugate vaccine (Haemophilus influenzae type b)
Storage
Store in a refrigerator at 2 to 8°C. Do not freeze, and discard if it has been frozen. Protect from light. Usually kept by the clinic or pharmacy as directed on the pack.
Prepared by the Oshud Alo team from standard drug references. For information only; always follow your doctor's advice.