Indications
Human Tetanus Immunoglobulin is a ready-made antibody preparation used to protect against tetanus (lockjaw) after a wound that could be contaminated, such as a deep cut, puncture, animal bite or a wound with soil or dirt, in people who are not fully vaccinated or whose vaccination history is unknown. It is also used, together with other treatment, in people who already have tetanus.
How It Works
Tetanus is caused by a toxin made by bacteria that can enter through wounds. This product contains antibodies collected from the blood of donors who have high immunity to tetanus. Once injected, these antibodies immediately bind to and neutralise the tetanus toxin before it reaches the nerves. This gives instant but short-term protection (passive immunity) while the tetanus vaccine builds the body’s own long-term protection.
Dosage and Administration
It is given by a doctor or nurse as an injection into a muscle. The dose depends on the type of wound, the time since injury and whether tetanus is being prevented or treated, and is decided by the doctor. A tetanus vaccine is usually given at the same visit, using a different syringe and a different injection site. Good wound cleaning is also essential.
Interactions
It can reduce the response to some live virus vaccines such as Measles, Mumps, Rubella and Varicella vaccines for up to about 3 months, so tell your doctor if you are due for one of these. It does not stop the tetanus vaccine from working when the two are given at different sites.
Contraindications
It should not be given to anyone who has had a severe allergic reaction to human immunoglobulins or to any ingredient of the product. People with low IgA levels who have antibodies against IgA need special caution. It must not be injected into a vein.
Side Effects
Side effects are usually mild and short-lived:
- Pain, tenderness, redness or swelling at the injection site
- Mild fever, chills or tiredness
- Headache or mild skin rash
Get urgent medical help if you have difficulty breathing, swelling of the face, lips or throat, widespread hives, dizziness or fainting after the injection, or if you develop jaw stiffness, muscle spasms or difficulty swallowing after an injury, which may be signs of tetanus.
Pregnancy and Lactation
Tetanus is life-threatening for both mother and baby, so this immunoglobulin can be given during pregnancy and breastfeeding when the doctor considers it needed. No harmful effects on the baby are expected.
Precautions and Warnings
Because it is made from human plasma, there is a very small theoretical risk of passing on infections; donors and plasma are screened and the product is treated to inactivate viruses. Use with care in people with bleeding disorders or low platelets, since it is given into a muscle. The patient is usually observed for a short time after the injection for allergic reactions.
Overdose
Overdose is unlikely as it is given by health professionals. Larger doses may cause more injection-site pain; no specific serious effects are expected.
Therapeutic Class
Specific human immunoglobulin (anti-tetanus antibody).
Storage
Store in a refrigerator at 2 to 8°C. Do not freeze. Keep in the original pack to protect from light, and out of the reach of children.
Prepared by the Oshud Alo team from standard drug references. For information only; always follow your doctor's advice.