Indications
Menotrophin (human menopausal gonadotrophin, hMG) is a fertility medicine given by injection. In women it is used to stimulate the ovaries to develop eggs, for example in women who do not ovulate or as part of assisted reproduction such as IVF. In men it may be used with hCG to stimulate sperm production in certain hormone deficiencies.
How It Works
Menotrophin contains two natural hormones, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinising hormone (LH) activity, purified from the urine of postmenopausal women. FSH makes the follicles (small fluid sacs in the ovary that hold eggs) grow and mature, while LH supports hormone production in the ovary. In men, FSH helps the testes make sperm.
Dosage and Administration
Menotrophin is used only under the supervision of a fertility specialist. The dose and length of treatment are set individually, as prescribed, and adjusted according to ultrasound scans and blood hormone tests. It is injected under the skin or into a muscle, either by a nurse or by the patient after training. Mix the powder with the supplied solvent just before use and use a new needle each time.
Interactions
It is often used together with other fertility medicines such as hCG, Clomifene or GnRH analogues; your specialist will plan these together. Combining with Clomifene may increase the ovarian response. Tell your doctor about all other medicines you use.
Contraindications
Not used in women with ovarian enlargement or cysts not caused by polycystic ovary syndrome, unexplained vaginal bleeding, tumours of the ovary, womb, breast, pituitary or hypothalamus, early menopause (primary ovarian failure), or physical problems of the womb that make pregnancy impossible. Not used in pregnancy or in men with primary testicular failure or prostate cancer.
Side Effects
Common effects include headache, abdominal pain or bloating, nausea, pain or redness at the injection site, and pelvic discomfort. Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS), where the ovaries over-respond and swell, can occur. Multiple pregnancy (twins or more) is more likely. There is also a small risk of ectopic pregnancy, miscarriage and blood clots.
Get urgent medical help for severe abdominal pain or swelling, rapid weight gain, nausea with vomiting, passing little urine, shortness of breath, or pain and swelling in a leg, as these may be signs of severe OHSS or a blood clot.
Pregnancy and Lactation
Menotrophin is not used during pregnancy or breastfeeding. It is given only to help achieve pregnancy and is stopped once pregnancy is confirmed.
Precautions and Warnings
Close monitoring with ultrasound and blood tests is essential to reduce the risk of OHSS and multiple pregnancy. Causes of infertility, thyroid or adrenal problems and high prolactin should be checked and treated first. Tell your doctor if you or your family have had blood clots.
Overdose
Too much may cause ovarian hyperstimulation. Contact your fertility clinic immediately if you think you have injected too much.
Therapeutic Class
Gonadotrophin; fertility hormone (ovulation inducer).
Storage
Store as directed on the pack, usually below 25°C or in the fridge at 2 to 8°C; do not freeze. Use mixed solution straight away. Keep out of the reach of children.
Prepared by the Oshud Alo team from standard drug references. For information only; always follow your doctor's advice.