Indications
Normal Saline is a sterile solution of 0.9% Sodium Chloride (salt) in water, with about the same salt concentration as body fluids. As an intravenous (IV) infusion it is used in hospitals to replace lost body fluid and salt, for example in dehydration from vomiting or diarrhoea, blood loss, shock, and during or after surgery. It is also used to dilute and give other injected medicines and to flush IV lines. Nasal drop and spray forms are used to moisten a dry nose and loosen mucus in a blocked nose from colds, allergies or dry air, in adults, children and babies.
How It Works
Because it has the same salt concentration as blood, IV Normal Saline stays in the body fluid spaces and increases the volume of fluid in and around blood vessels, which helps restore blood pressure and circulation and corrects salt loss. In the nose, the salt water thins and loosens thick mucus and moistens the lining, making it easier to clear the nose and breathe.
Dosage and Administration
IV infusion: given by a doctor or nurse into a vein. The amount and speed are decided according to age, body weight, fluid loss, blood tests and the patient condition. Nasal drops or spray: usually 2 to 3 drops or 1 to 2 sprays in each nostril as often as needed, or as directed on the label. For babies, put drops in the nose a few minutes before feeding, then gently clear the mucus with a nasal aspirator.
Interactions
IV: medicines that cause the body to keep salt, such as corticosteroids, may increase the risk of fluid and salt overload. Some medicines are not compatible with saline when mixed; hospital staff check this before mixing. Nasal: no interactions are expected.
Contraindications
- IV: high blood sodium, fluid overload, severe heart failure or conditions where salt and water must be restricted, unless the doctor decides otherwise.
- Nasal: allergy to any ingredient (some contain preservatives).
Side Effects
IV: if too much is given, it may cause swelling of the legs or body, breathlessness, high blood pressure and salt imbalance; pain, redness or swelling at the needle site can occur. Nasal: mild stinging or sneezing.
Get urgent medical help, or tell the nurse at once, if you notice breathlessness, swelling of the face or legs, chest discomfort, confusion, or pain and swelling where the drip enters the vein.
Pregnancy and Lactation
Normal Saline is safe in pregnancy and breastfeeding when used as directed. IV fluids in pregnancy are given under medical supervision.
Precautions and Warnings
- IV use needs care in heart, kidney or liver disease, high blood pressure, and in older people and infants.
- Use IV bags only if the solution is clear and the container undamaged.
- Do not share nasal droppers; keep the tip clean.
- See a doctor if a blocked nose lasts more than 10 days or comes with high fever.
Overdose
Too much IV saline can cause fluid overload and high sodium levels, with swelling, breathlessness and confusion. It is managed in hospital by stopping the infusion and treating the effects.
Therapeutic Class
Electrolyte replenisher; IV fluid (crystalloid) and nasal decongestant saline.
Storage
Store below 30°C, away from light and out of the reach of children; do not freeze. IV fluids are kept as directed on the pack. Discard opened nasal drops after the time stated on the label.
Prepared by the Oshud Alo team from standard drug references. For information only; always follow your doctor's advice.