Indications
Papaver somniferum is the opium poppy. In Unani medicine its seeds (khashkhash) and, in some traditional recipes, parts of the seed capsule are used as ingredients in herbal powders. The seeds have traditionally been used to calm cough, ease loose motions, cool the body and help with sleep. Other parts of the plant, especially the dried latex (opium) and capsule, contain strong opioid substances such as Morphine and Codeine and are controlled by law. Scientific evidence for the traditional uses of the seeds is limited.
How It Works
Poppy seeds are mostly oil, protein and fibre and contain only traces of opioid alkaloids, mainly on the outer surface. The capsule and latex contain much larger amounts. Opioid alkaloids act on receptors in the brain and gut: they reduce pain and cough, slow the bowel and cause drowsiness. This is why products containing poppy must be used carefully.
Dosage and Administration
Use only as directed on the label or by a registered Unani practitioner. Never take more than the stated amount and do not use it for long periods. Poppy seeds used in normal cooking amounts are a common food.
Interactions
Avoid combining it with alcohol, sleeping pills or sedatives such as Diazepam, opioid painkillers such as Tramadol or Codeine, antihistamines that cause drowsiness, and some antidepressants, because drowsiness and slowed breathing can increase. Products containing poppy can also cause a positive result in urine drug tests.
Contraindications
Do not use it if you are allergic to poppy seeds or any ingredient in the product. Avoid it in infants and young children, and in people with severe breathing problems, severe liver disease, a history of drug or alcohol dependence, or bowel blockage.
Side Effects
Possible effects include drowsiness, dizziness, constipation, dry mouth and nausea. Allergic reactions to poppy seed can occur in sensitive people.
Get urgent medical help if there is extreme sleepiness, slow or shallow breathing, very small pupils, confusion, fainting, or swelling of the face, lips or throat.
Pregnancy and Lactation
Do not use medicinal products containing poppy during pregnancy or breastfeeding unless a doctor specifically advises it, because opioid substances can reach the baby and cause drowsiness and breathing problems.
Precautions and Warnings
Do not drive or operate machinery if you feel drowsy. Regular use of products made from the capsule or latex can lead to dependence. Elderly people and those with lung, liver or kidney disease are more sensitive. Keep it well away from children. See a doctor for persistent cough, diarrhoea or sleep problems rather than treating them yourself for long.
Overdose
An overdose can cause deep sleep, slowed breathing and unconsciousness, which can be life-threatening, especially in children. Call for emergency help or go to the nearest hospital at once.
Therapeutic Class
Unani herbal ingredient (traditional sedative and antitussive; contains opioid alkaloids).
Storage
Store below 30°C in a dry place, away from light and out of the reach of children.
Prepared by the Oshud Alo team from standard drug references. For information only; always follow your doctor's advice.