Indications
Peppermint Oil, taken as enteric-coated capsules, is used to relieve symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), such as tummy cramps, bloating, wind and discomfort. It is also traditionally used for indigestion and colic in adults. Liquid preparations containing peppermint oil may be used for indigestion and wind as directed on the label.
How It Works
The main active substance in peppermint oil is menthol. It relaxes the smooth muscle in the wall of the bowel by reducing calcium entry into the muscle cells, which eases spasms and cramping pain. The enteric coating stops the capsule from dissolving in the stomach, so the oil is released further down in the bowel where it is needed and heartburn is less likely.
Dosage and Administration
Adults and children over 15 years (capsules of about 187 to 200 mg): usually 1 capsule three times a day, 15 to 30 minutes before meals, increased to 2 capsules three times a day if needed, for up to 2 to 3 months. Swallow capsules whole with water; do not break or chew them, and do not take them straight after food or with antacids. Liquid forms: as directed on the label. Younger children: only on medical advice.
Interactions
Antacids and acid-reducing medicines (such as Omeprazole or Ranitidine) can make the capsule coating dissolve too early, causing heartburn; take them at least 2 hours apart. Peppermint oil may slightly increase the levels of Ciclosporin and some medicines processed by the liver, such as Felodipine and Simvastatin.
Contraindications
Do not use if you are allergic to peppermint or menthol, have liver disease, gallbladder inflammation or blocked bile ducts, or achlorhydria (no stomach acid). Do not use in children under 8 years, and do not apply peppermint oil to the face or nose of infants and young children, as it can cause breathing problems.
Side Effects
Possible side effects include heartburn, a burning feeling around the back passage, nausea, a peppermint taste or smell, and rarely skin rash, headache, slow heartbeat, muscle tremor or blurred vision. Allergic reactions are uncommon.
Get urgent medical help if you have signs of a serious allergic reaction, such as swelling of the face, lips or throat, difficulty breathing or a widespread rash. See a doctor if you notice blood in your stools, unexplained weight loss, fever, ongoing vomiting, new symptoms after age 50, or if IBS symptoms do not improve after 2 weeks.
Pregnancy and Lactation
Peppermint used in food amounts is safe, but there is not enough information about medicinal doses of peppermint oil capsules in pregnancy or breastfeeding. Use only if a doctor or pharmacist advises.
Precautions and Warnings
Use with care if you already have heartburn or a hiatus hernia, as peppermint can relax the valve at the top of the stomach. IBS should be diagnosed by a doctor before self-treatment. Keep capsules away from children.
Overdose
Taking too much may cause severe stomach upset, diarrhoea, burning around the back passage, muscle tremor, drowsiness or, in large amounts, breathing problems and fits. Seek medical help, especially if a child has swallowed capsules or oil.
Therapeutic Class
Antispasmodic, herbal (essential oil) preparation.
Storage
Store below 25 to 30°C in a dry place, away from light and out of the reach of children. Keep capsules in the original pack.
Prepared by the Oshud Alo team from standard drug references. For information only; always follow your doctor's advice.