Indications
Piper longum (long pepper, known in Ayurveda as Pippali) is the dried fruit spike of a climbing pepper plant. In Ayurvedic and Unani medicine it is traditionally used in combination preparations for coughs, colds, asthma like breathlessness, poor digestion, loss of appetite and wind, and as a general tonic (rasayana). Scientific evidence for these uses is limited, and it should not replace medical treatment for chest infections or asthma.
How It Works
Long pepper contains piperine and related pungent compounds and an aromatic oil. These stimulate digestive secretions and appetite, may help loosen mucus, and have a warming effect. Piperine can also increase the absorption of some other substances taken at the same time, which is why it is often added to herbal combinations.
Dosage and Administration
Take by mouth as directed on the label or by a registered practitioner. When part of a combination product, follow the dose for that product. Taking it after food reduces stomach irritation. Do not exceed the label dose or use high doses for long periods.
Interactions
- Piperine may raise blood levels of some medicines, such as Phenytoin, Theophylline, Propranolol, Rifampicin, Cyclosporine and some blood thinners, which could increase their side effects. Tell your doctor if you take any regular medicine.
- It may lower blood sugar slightly; people taking diabetes medicines should monitor their sugar.
- It may add to the effect of medicines that slow blood clotting, such as Warfarin, Aspirin or Clopidogrel.
Contraindications
Do not use if allergic to pepper. Avoid if you have active stomach ulcers, severe acidity or inflammatory bowel disease. Avoid medicinal doses in pregnancy.
Side Effects
In usual amounts it is generally well tolerated. Possible effects include heartburn, a burning feeling in the stomach or throat, and stomach upset.
Get urgent medical help if you have severe stomach pain, vomiting blood or black stools, or signs of an allergic reaction such as swelling of the face or throat or difficulty breathing.
Pregnancy and Lactation
Long pepper used as a spice in food is considered safe. Medicinal doses are not recommended in pregnancy, as they have traditionally been linked to effects on the womb. Ask a doctor before using it while breastfeeding.
Precautions and Warnings
- See a doctor if a cough lasts more than 3 weeks, or if you have fever, breathlessness or blood in sputum.
- Tell your doctor about all medicines you take, as it can change how some are absorbed.
- Stop 2 weeks before planned surgery.
Overdose
Large amounts may cause severe stomach burning, vomiting and diarrhoea. Get medical help if a large amount has been taken.
Therapeutic Class
Ayurvedic and Unani herbal ingredient (digestive and respiratory herb).
Storage
Store below 30°C in a dry place, away from light and out of the reach of children.
Prepared by the Oshud Alo team from standard drug references. For information only; always follow your doctor's advice.