Indications
Polio vaccine protects against poliomyelitis (polio), a viral infection that can damage the nerves of the spinal cord and cause permanent paralysis or death. The injectable form (inactivated polio vaccine, IPV) is given alone or as part of combination vaccines for routine infant immunisation, catch up vaccination and boosters, and alongside oral polio vaccine in national programmes.
How It Works
Inactivated polio vaccine contains the three types of poliovirus that have been killed so they cannot cause disease. The immune system responds by making antibodies in the blood, which protect against paralysis if the person is later exposed to the live virus.
Dosage and Administration
It is given as an injection into a muscle (or under the skin for some products), usually the thigh in infants, by a doctor, nurse or trained vaccinator. The number of doses and their timing follow the national immunisation schedule or the schedule set by the doctor.
Interactions
It can be given on the same day as other routine vaccines, at a different site. Medicines that suppress the immune system, such as high dose Prednisolone or chemotherapy, may reduce the response. Tell the vaccinator about blood thinners such as Warfarin.
Contraindications
- Severe allergic reaction to a previous dose or to any vaccine component.
- Known severe allergy to antibiotics that may be present in trace amounts, such as Neomycin, Streptomycin or Polymyxin B.
Side Effects
Common: pain, redness or a small lump at the injection site, mild fever, irritability and tiredness for a day or two. Rare: severe allergic reaction. The injectable vaccine cannot cause polio because it contains no live virus.
Get urgent medical help if there is difficulty breathing, swelling of the face or throat, a widespread rash, a seizure, or unusual weakness or floppiness after vaccination.
Pregnancy and Lactation
Routine vaccination in pregnancy is not usually needed, but it may be given if there is a real risk of exposure. It is considered safe during breastfeeding. Follow your doctor’s advice.
Precautions and Warnings
Vaccination is usually delayed during a high fever or moderate to severe illness. Tell the vaccinator about any previous reaction, bleeding disorders or immune problems. People with weak immunity may have a lower response. The vaccinated person should be watched for 15 to 30 minutes afterwards.
Overdose
Overdose is unlikely because it is given by health professionals in measured doses. If an extra dose is given by mistake, inform the doctor; serious effects are not expected.
Therapeutic Class
Viral vaccine (inactivated poliovirus)
Storage
Store in a refrigerator at 2 to 8°C. Do not freeze, and discard if it has been frozen. Protect from light. Usually kept by the clinic or pharmacy as directed on the pack.
Prepared by the Oshud Alo team from standard drug references. For information only; always follow your doctor's advice.