Indications
Retinyl Acetate is a stable form of vitamin A (retinol) used in supplements, multivitamins and fortified foods, and in some skin products. It is used to prevent and treat vitamin A deficiency, which can cause night blindness, dry eyes and a higher risk of infections, especially in children and people with poor diets or fat absorption problems. It is also included in supplements that support eye, skin and immune health.
How It Works
In the body, retinyl acetate is converted to retinol and then to other active forms. Vitamin A is needed to make the light-sensitive pigment in the eye that allows vision in dim light, to keep the skin and the linings of the eyes, airways, gut and urinary tract healthy, and to support normal immune function and growth.
Dosage and Administration
Adults need about 700 to 900 mcg of vitamin A a day (roughly 2,300 to 3,000 IU), which most balanced diets provide. Supplements should be taken as directed on the label, with a meal. Treatment of deficiency, and doses for children, are as prescribed. Do not take more than 3,000 mcg (10,000 IU) a day from supplements unless a doctor advises it.
Interactions
Do not combine it with retinoid medicines such as Isotretinoin or Acitretin, as this can lead to vitamin A toxicity. Taking it with tetracycline antibiotics such as Doxycycline may rarely increase pressure inside the skull. Orlistat and Colestyramine can reduce its absorption. High doses may increase the effect of Warfarin.
Contraindications
Do not use it if you have high vitamin A levels, are allergic to any ingredient, or are taking retinoid medicines. Avoid high-dose supplements in liver disease.
Side Effects
Normal doses rarely cause side effects. Too much over time can cause headache, dry or peeling skin, cracked lips, hair loss, joint and bone pain, nausea, and liver damage.
Get urgent medical help if you have a severe headache with vomiting or blurred vision, yellowing of the skin or eyes, severe drowsiness, or swelling of the face, lips or throat or difficulty breathing.
Pregnancy and Lactation
Vitamin A is needed in pregnancy, but too much can cause serious birth defects. Pregnant women and those planning pregnancy should not take more than 3,000 mcg (10,000 IU) a day and should only use supplements recommended by their doctor. Avoid liver and liver products in large amounts. Normal amounts are safe while breastfeeding.
Precautions and Warnings
Check all your supplements and fortified products, as vitamin A can add up from several sources. People who drink a lot of alcohol or have liver disease are more sensitive to its toxic effects. Long-term high intake may weaken bones.
Overdose
A large single overdose can cause severe headache, vomiting, drowsiness, irritability and blurred vision, especially in children. Contact a doctor or go to the nearest hospital immediately.
Therapeutic Class
Vitamin (fat-soluble vitamin A).
Storage
Store below 30°C in a dry place, away from light and out of the reach of children.
Prepared by the Oshud Alo team from standard drug references. For information only; always follow your doctor's advice.