Indications
Ribavirin is an antiviral medicine. Its main use is in chronic hepatitis C (a long term virus infection of the liver), always together with other antiviral medicines, never on its own. Specialists may also use it for some other serious virus infections, such as respiratory syncytial virus in hospital or certain viral haemorrhagic fevers.
How It Works
Ribavirin is similar to one of the building blocks the virus uses to copy its genetic material. It disturbs this copying, causing faulty virus particles and lowering the amount of virus. Combined with other antivirals it helps clear the infection.
Dosage and Administration
The dose depends on body weight, the virus type, kidney function and the other medicines used with it, so take it exactly as prescribed. Tablets or capsules are usually taken twice a day with food. Do not stop early or change the dose without speaking to your doctor. Regular blood tests are needed.
Interactions
Do not use with Didanosine. Use with Azathioprine or Zidovudine may increase blood problems. Tell your doctor about all HIV medicines and any other medicines or herbal products you take.
Contraindications
- Pregnancy, or a male partner of a pregnant woman
- Breastfeeding
- Allergy to ribavirin
- Serious heart disease in the last six months
- Blood disorders such as thalassaemia or sickle cell anaemia
- Severe kidney or liver failure, or autoimmune hepatitis
Side Effects
The most important side effect is haemolytic anaemia (red blood cells breaking down), which can cause tiredness, paleness and breathlessness. Other common effects are headache, nausea, poor appetite, dry cough, itching, rash, trouble sleeping, low mood and muscle aches.
Get urgent medical help for chest pain, fast or irregular heartbeat, severe breathlessness, fainting, thoughts of self-harm, severe rash or signs of a serious allergic reaction.
Pregnancy and Lactation
Ribavirin can cause serious birth defects. Women must not be pregnant, and both female patients and female partners of male patients must use reliable contraception during treatment and for at least six months after it ends (follow your doctor’s exact advice). Do not breastfeed during treatment.
Precautions and Warnings
Your doctor will check blood counts, kidney and liver function, and heart health before and during treatment. Tell your doctor about any history of heart disease, depression, gout or dental problems. Drink enough fluids.
Overdose
Too much may worsen anaemia and other side effects. Contact a doctor or hospital at once. Treatment is supportive.
Therapeutic Class
Antiviral (nucleoside analogue)
Storage
Store below 30°C in a dry place, away from light and out of the reach of children.
Prepared by the Oshud Alo team from standard drug references. For information only; always follow your doctor's advice.