Alaclov

Indications

Valacyclovir (valaciclovir) is an antiviral medicine for infections caused by herpes viruses. It treats shingles (herpes zoster), first and repeat episodes of genital herpes, and cold sores, and can be taken daily to reduce repeat outbreaks of genital herpes and the chance of passing it to a partner. Specialists also use it to prevent cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection after some transplants.

How It Works

Valacyclovir is changed in the body into aciclovir. Inside cells infected by the herpes virus, aciclovir blocks the enzyme the virus needs to copy its DNA, so the virus cannot multiply. It does not remove the virus from the body completely, but it shortens and eases outbreaks.

Dosage and Administration

Usual adult doses: shingles, 1 g three times a day for 7 days; first episode of genital herpes, 1 g twice a day for 10 days; repeat episodes, 500 mg twice a day for 3 to 5 days; preventing repeat episodes, 500 mg once a day; cold sores, 2 g twice in one day, 12 hours apart. Start as soon as symptoms appear. Doses are lower in kidney disease. Children and transplant patients: as prescribed. Take with or without food and drink plenty of water.

Interactions

Use with care with medicines that can affect the kidneys, such as Aminoglycosides, Cyclosporine, Tacrolimus, NSAIDs and high-dose Methotrexate. Cimetidine and Probenecid can raise its levels. Tell your doctor about all medicines you take.

Contraindications

• Allergy to valacyclovir, aciclovir or any ingredient

Side Effects

Common effects include headache, nausea, stomach pain, diarrhoea, dizziness and rash. In older people or those with kidney disease, confusion, agitation or hallucinations can occur, especially at high doses.

Get urgent medical help for swelling of the face or throat or trouble breathing, a severe skin reaction, confusion or hallucinations, passing much less urine, or unusual bruising or bleeding.

Pregnancy and Lactation

It has been widely used in pregnancy without clear harm, but use it only if your doctor advises. Aciclovir passes into breast milk in small amounts; it is generally considered compatible with breastfeeding, but ask your doctor.

Precautions and Warnings

Drink enough fluids. Tell your doctor about kidney disease or a weak immune system. Genital herpes can still spread even on treatment; avoid sex during outbreaks and use condoms.

Overdose

Overdose may cause kidney problems, confusion, hallucinations, agitation and reduced consciousness. Seek medical help at once.

Therapeutic Class

Antiviral (nucleoside analogue)

Storage

Store below 30°C in a dry place, away from light and out of the reach of children.