Aztreonam
Indications
Aztreonam is an antibiotic injection used in hospital to treat serious infections caused by Gram negative bacteria, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa. These include infections of the urinary tract, lungs, blood (septicaemia), skin and soft tissue, abdomen and female pelvic organs. It is also useful for some patients who are allergic to Penicillin.
How It Works
Aztreonam belongs to a group called monobactams. It attaches to proteins that bacteria use to build their cell wall. Without a strong wall, the bacteria swell and burst. It works against Gram negative bacteria only, so doctors may add another antibiotic when other germs are suspected.
Dosage and Administration
Aztreonam is given by a doctor or nurse as an injection into a vein or deep into a muscle, usually every 8 to 12 hours. The dose and length of treatment are set by the doctor according to the type and severity of infection, body weight and kidney function. It should not be self administered.
Interactions
- Some other antibiotics, such as Cefoxitin and Imipenem, may reduce its effect against certain bacteria.
- Combining it with aminoglycosides such as Gentamicin may increase kidney and hearing side effects, so kidney function is monitored.
- It may affect blood clotting tests in patients taking Warfarin.
Contraindications
- Allergy to Aztreonam.
- People with severe allergy to Ceftazidime should usually avoid it, as their structures are similar.
Side Effects
Possible effects include pain, redness or swelling at the injection site, rash, diarrhoea, nausea, vomiting, changes in taste and raised liver enzymes.
Tell the nurse or doctor at once, or get urgent medical help, if there is a skin rash with blistering, swelling of the face or throat, trouble breathing, severe or bloody diarrhoea during or after treatment, unusual bleeding or bruising, or yellowing of the skin or eyes.
Pregnancy and Lactation
It crosses the placenta and should be used in pregnancy only when the doctor decides it is clearly needed. Very small amounts pass into breast milk and little is absorbed by the baby; the doctor will advise on breastfeeding.
Precautions and Warnings
- Tell the doctor about any past antibiotic allergy, kidney or liver disease.
- Long courses can lead to overgrowth of resistant germs or fungi.
- Doses are reduced in kidney disease.
Overdose
Overdose is unlikely as it is given in hospital. If it happens, it is treated by stopping the drug and supportive care; dialysis can remove it.
Therapeutic Class
Monobactam beta lactam antibiotic.
Storage
Hospital medicine: store as directed on the pack, below 30°C and away from light. Prepared solutions are used as directed by the manufacturer.
Prepared by the Oshud Alo team from standard drug references. For information only; always follow your doctor's advice.
All brands of Aztreonam