Insperm

Indications

Espand is the seed of Peganum harmala, a desert plant also called Syrian rue or harmal. In Unani medicine it is used in tablets and majoon (semi solid herbal pastes) traditionally given as a nerve tonic, for male sexual weakness and premature discharge of semen, and for joint and nerve pains. Scientific evidence for these uses is limited. Espand is a potent plant: its seeds contain strong alkaloids that can be poisonous in larger amounts, so it must be used with great caution.

How It Works

The seeds contain harmine, harmaline and related alkaloids. These block monoamine oxidase (MAO), an enzyme that breaks down brain chemicals such as serotonin and noradrenaline, and they act directly on the nervous system. This explains both the stimulating effects described in tradition and the risk of serious side effects and drug interactions.

Dosage and Administration

Use only as directed on the label or by a registered Unani practitioner. Never take more than the stated amount, never use the raw seeds as a home remedy, and do not use for long periods without advice.

Interactions

• Dangerous interactions are possible with antidepressants such as Fluoxetine, Sertraline, Amitriptyline or Moclobemide, and with Tramadol, Pethidine, Dextromethorphan, Linezolid and migraine medicines such as Sumatriptan, because of a risk of serotonin syndrome (agitation, fever, shaking, fast heartbeat).
• Stimulants, cold remedies containing Pseudoephedrine, and foods rich in tyramine (aged cheese, cured meats, fermented soy) may cause a dangerous rise in blood pressure.
• It may add to the effect of sedatives and alcohol.
• Tell your doctor about all medicines you take before using it.

Contraindications

• Pregnancy (it can stimulate the womb and cause miscarriage) and breastfeeding.
• Children.
• People taking antidepressants or the other medicines listed above.
• Heart disease, high blood pressure, epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, mental illness, or liver or kidney disease.
• Allergy to any ingredient.

Side Effects

Possible effects include nausea, vomiting, dizziness, headache, tremor and unusual tiredness. At higher amounts it can cause hallucinations, confusion, unsteady walking, slow or irregular heartbeat and changes in blood pressure.

Get urgent medical help if you have hallucinations, confusion, severe shaking, fits, fainting, chest pain, a very fast or slow heartbeat, a sudden severe headache, high fever with agitation, or signs of a serious allergic reaction.

Pregnancy and Lactation

Do not use during pregnancy: Peganum harmala has traditionally been used to bring on abortion and can harm the baby. Do not use while breastfeeding.

Precautions and Warnings

• Do not drive or operate machines if you feel dizzy, drowsy or unwell.
• Stop use and tell your doctor before any surgery or new medicine.
• Male sexual problems can be linked to diabetes, heart disease or hormonal problems; see a doctor for proper assessment.

Overdose

Overdose is dangerous and can cause vomiting, severe tremor, hallucinations, fits, slow heartbeat, breathing problems and collapse. Seek emergency medical help straight away; take the pack with you.

Therapeutic Class

Unani herbal preparation (potent herbal nerve tonic).

Storage

Store below 30°C in a dry place, away from light and out of the reach of children.