Indications
Antioxidant supplements combine vitamins and minerals that help protect body cells from damage, usually beta-carotene (a source of vitamin A), vitamin C, vitamin E, and minerals such as selenium, zinc, copper and manganese. They are used to support general health and to help prevent or correct low intake of these nutrients, for example in poor diet, recovery from illness, older age or increased needs. They are not a treatment for any disease.
How It Works
Normal body processes, smoking, pollution and illness produce unstable molecules called free radicals, which can damage cells. Vitamins C and E and beta-carotene neutralise free radicals directly, while selenium, zinc, copper and manganese are needed by the body’s own antioxidant enzymes. Together they support the immune system, skin, eyes and tissue repair.
Dosage and Administration
Usually one tablet or capsule daily with a meal and water, or as directed on the label. Do not take more than the recommended amount, and do not combine with other multivitamin or mineral products unless advised, to avoid getting too much of any one nutrient.
Interactions
- Warfarin and other blood thinners: high doses of vitamin E may increase bleeding risk.
- Zinc and other minerals can reduce absorption of some antibiotics, such as Ciprofloxacin and Doxycycline, and of Levothyroxine; take them at least 2 to 4 hours apart.
- Other vitamin A or beta-carotene products, including Isotretinoin: risk of excess vitamin A.
- Iron or calcium supplements may reduce zinc absorption.
Contraindications
- Allergy to any ingredient.
- Conditions with excess of a contained vitamin or mineral, such as vitamin A excess, or Wilson’s disease (copper build-up).
- Smokers and former heavy smokers should avoid products with high-dose beta-carotene.
Side Effects
Antioxidant supplements are usually well tolerated at recommended doses. Some people get mild stomach upset, nausea, diarrhoea or constipation, or a metallic taste. High-dose beta-carotene may give the skin a harmless yellow-orange tint.
Get urgent medical help if you have signs of a severe allergic reaction, such as swelling of the face or throat or difficulty breathing, or if a child accidentally swallows several tablets.
Pregnancy and Lactation
During pregnancy and breastfeeding, use only a product recommended by your doctor, as too much vitamin A can harm an unborn baby. Pregnancy-specific vitamins are usually preferred.
Precautions and Warnings
- Supplements do not replace a balanced diet.
- Large doses of beta-carotene have been linked with a higher risk of lung cancer in smokers.
- Tell your doctor about all supplements you take before surgery or if you take regular medicines.
- Keep away from children; mineral overdose can be dangerous for them.
Overdose
Taking much more than recommended may cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, headache, or effects from too much vitamin A, selenium or zinc, such as hair loss, brittle nails or a garlic-like breath. Seek medical help if a large amount is taken, especially by a child.
Therapeutic Class
Vitamin and mineral supplement (antioxidant combination).
Storage
Store below 30°C in a dry place, away from light and out of the reach of children.
Prepared by the Oshud Alo team from standard drug references. For information only; always follow your doctor's advice.