Indications
Betacarotene is a natural orange-yellow pigment found in carrots, pumpkin, mango and green leafy vegetables. The body turns it into vitamin A as needed. It is used:
- As an antioxidant supplement, often combined with vitamins C and E and minerals, when the diet is poor.
- To help prevent vitamin A deficiency.
- Under a doctor’s care, to reduce skin sensitivity to sunlight in a rare condition called erythropoietic protoporphyria.
How It Works
Betacarotene is converted to vitamin A in the gut and liver only as much as the body needs, so it is less likely than vitamin A itself to cause overdose. Vitamin A is needed for eyesight in dim light, healthy skin and the immune system. Betacarotene also acts as an antioxidant, helping protect cells from damage.
Dosage and Administration
- As a supplement, adults: as directed on the pack, usually one tablet or capsule a day.
- For light sensitivity conditions: as prescribed.
- Children: only as directed by a doctor.
Take with a meal that contains some fat, which helps absorption.
Interactions
- Orlistat, Cholestyramine, mineral oil laxatives and some cholesterol medicines can reduce its absorption.
- Do not combine with other vitamin A supplements unless a doctor advises.
- Heavy alcohol use may increase the risk of liver problems with high doses.
Contraindications
- Allergy to betacarotene or any ingredient of the product.
- High-dose supplements in people who smoke or have recently stopped smoking, and in people exposed to asbestos, because studies have linked them with a higher risk of lung cancer.
Side Effects
Usually well tolerated. High intake can turn the skin yellow-orange, especially the palms and soles; this is harmless and fades after stopping. Loose stools, dizziness and joint pain are uncommon.
Get urgent medical help for signs of a serious allergy, such as swelling of the face, lips or throat, a widespread rash, or trouble breathing. See a doctor if the whites of the eyes turn yellow, as this is not caused by betacarotene and may mean a liver problem.
Pregnancy and Lactation
Food sources are safe. Supplements in normal doses are generally considered acceptable, but take them only on a doctor’s advice and avoid combining several products with vitamin A.
Precautions and Warnings
- Smokers and former smokers should not take high-dose betacarotene supplements.
- Use with care in liver or kidney disease.
- A balanced diet with fruit and vegetables is the best source.
- Do not take more than the recommended dose.
Overdose
Large amounts mainly cause yellow-orange skin, which fades after stopping. Because the body converts only what it needs, serious vitamin A poisoning is unlikely, but contact a doctor if a child swallows a large amount.
Therapeutic Class
Vitamin A precursor (provitamin A); antioxidant supplement.
Storage
Store below 30°C in a dry place, away from light. Keep the container tightly closed. Keep out of reach of children.
Prepared by the Oshud Alo team from standard drug references. For information only; always follow your doctor's advice.