Indications
Dicloxacillin is a penicillin antibiotic used to treat infections caused by staphylococcus bacteria that produce penicillinase (an enzyme that destroys ordinary penicillin). It is used for skin and soft tissue infections such as boils, abscesses, impetigo, infected wounds and cellulitis, and sometimes for bone and joint infections as follow-on treatment. It does not work against viral infections such as colds and flu, or against MRSA.
How It Works
Dicloxacillin stops bacteria from building their cell walls, so they burst and die. Its structure protects it from the penicillinase enzyme, so it still works against many staphylococci that are resistant to Penicillin and Amoxicillin.
Dosage and Administration
Take as prescribed. The usual adult dose is 250 to 500 mg every 6 hours, taken on an empty stomach (1 hour before or 2 hours after meals) with a full glass of water, while sitting or standing upright. Children’s doses depend on body weight and are set by the doctor. Finish the whole course even if you feel better.
Interactions
Dicloxacillin may reduce the effect of Warfarin (blood clotting needs monitoring) and may reduce the effectiveness of hormonal contraceptives in some cases. Probenecid raises its blood levels. Tetracyclines may reduce its effect. It may increase Methotrexate toxicity.
Contraindications
Do not take if you are allergic to Dicloxacillin or any penicillin, or have had a serious allergic reaction to Cephalosporins or other beta-lactam antibiotics.
Side Effects
Common side effects include nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, stomach pain, wind and rash. Thrush in the mouth or vagina can occur. Rarely, it can affect liver tests, kidneys or blood counts.
Get urgent medical help if you have signs of a serious allergic reaction (swelling of the face, lips or throat, difficulty breathing, widespread hives or blistering rash), severe or bloody diarrhoea during or after treatment, yellowing of the skin or eyes, or unusual bruising or bleeding.
Pregnancy and Lactation
Penicillins are generally considered safe in pregnancy when needed; use only if prescribed. Small amounts pass into breast milk and may cause loose stools or thrush in the baby; breastfeeding can usually continue, but tell your doctor.
Precautions and Warnings
Tell your doctor about any allergy, asthma, kidney or liver disease, or bowel problems. Long courses need blood, liver and kidney tests. Taking antibiotics when not needed or stopping early encourages resistant bacteria.
Overdose
Overdose may cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea and, rarely, agitation or seizures, especially in kidney disease. Seek medical advice if too much is taken.
Therapeutic Class
Antibiotic (penicillinase-resistant penicillin).
Storage
Store below 30°C in a dry place, away from light and out of the reach of children.
Prepared by the Oshud Alo team from standard drug references. For information only; always follow your doctor's advice.