Indications
EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) is an omega-3 fatty acid found mainly in oily fish and fish oil. It is used as a supplement, usually together with DHA, to support heart health and healthy blood fat levels, and in specialised medical nutrition drinks to help maintain weight and muscle in people with cancer or other illnesses that cause weight loss. Purified prescription forms are used to lower very high triglycerides.
How It Works
EPA is built into cell membranes and is converted into substances that reduce inflammation and help keep blood vessels healthy. It lowers the liver’s production of triglycerides (a type of blood fat) and has a mild blood-thinning effect. In weight-losing illnesses, it may help reduce the inflammation that drives loss of muscle and appetite.
Dosage and Administration
Take as directed on the label or by a doctor or dietitian, usually with meals. As a general supplement, combined EPA and DHA intakes of about 250 to 1,000 mg a day are common. Higher doses for raised triglycerides or as part of medical nutrition should be used only as prescribed.
Interactions
- Blood thinners and antiplatelet medicines (such as Warfarin, Aspirin, Clopidogrel, Apixaban): high doses may slightly increase the risk of bleeding.
- Blood pressure medicines: may add a small extra lowering effect.
- Orlistat may reduce absorption; take at different times.
Contraindications
- Allergy to fish or any ingredient of the product.
- Active bleeding problems, unless a doctor advises.
Side Effects
Common effects include a fishy aftertaste, burping, indigestion, nausea and loose stools; taking it with food helps. High doses may increase the risk of bleeding and, in prescription doses, a slightly higher chance of an irregular heartbeat (atrial fibrillation) has been reported.
Get urgent medical help if there is unusual bleeding or bruising, black stools, a racing or irregular heartbeat, or a rash with swelling of the face or difficulty breathing.
Pregnancy and Lactation
Omega-3 fatty acids at usual supplement doses are considered safe and beneficial in pregnancy and breastfeeding. Choose purified products that are low in mercury and avoid fish liver oils high in Vitamin A unless advised.
Precautions and Warnings
- Tell your doctor before surgery if you take high doses.
- People with fish or shellfish allergy should check the source of the oil.
- Supplements do not replace prescribed heart medicines.
Overdose
Very large amounts may cause diarrhoea, stomach upset and a higher risk of bleeding. Seek medical advice if bleeding occurs.
Therapeutic Class
Omega-3 fatty acid supplement; lipid-modifying agent.
Storage
Store below 30°C in a dry place, away from light and heat, with the container tightly closed. Keep out of the reach of children.
Prepared by the Oshud Alo team from standard drug references. For information only; always follow your doctor's advice.