Indications
Iron is used to prevent and treat iron deficiency and iron deficiency anaemia (low blood caused by too little iron). Common reasons include heavy periods, pregnancy, poor diet, blood loss and worm infestation. It is often combined with Folic Acid, especially in pregnancy.
How It Works
Iron is needed to make haemoglobin, the part of red blood cells that carries oxygen around the body. Taking extra iron refills the body’s iron stores so it can make enough healthy red blood cells.
Dosage and Administration
The dose depends on the iron salt and the amount of elemental (actual) iron in each tablet or spoonful. To treat anaemia, adults commonly take one dose giving about 65 to 200 mg of elemental iron a day, or a dose on alternate days, as advised by the doctor. For prevention, including in pregnancy, a lower daily dose is usual. Iron is best absorbed on an empty stomach; if it upsets the stomach, take it with or after food. Treatment usually continues for about 3 months after the blood count returns to normal. Children: as prescribed. Iron injections are given by a doctor or nurse.
Interactions
- Antacids, calcium, milk, tea, coffee and eggs reduce iron absorption; leave about 2 hours between them.
- Iron reduces the absorption of Tetracycline, Doxycycline, Ciprofloxacin and similar antibiotics, Levothyroxine, Levodopa, Penicillamine and bisphosphonates such as Alendronic Acid. Take these at least 2 hours apart (4 hours for Levothyroxine).
- Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid) or orange juice can improve absorption.
Contraindications
Iron overload conditions (haemochromatosis, haemosiderosis), anaemia not caused by iron deficiency (for example some types of thalassaemia or haemolytic anaemia) unless the doctor confirms low iron, people receiving repeated blood transfusions, and allergy to any ingredient.
Side Effects
Common: dark or black stools (harmless), nausea, stomach pain, constipation or diarrhoea. Liquid iron can stain the teeth; drink it through a straw and rinse the mouth after.
Get urgent medical help for vomiting blood, black tarry stools with stomach pain or dizziness, or signs of a severe allergic reaction such as swelling of the face or difficulty breathing (more likely with injections).
Pregnancy and Lactation
Iron is widely used and recommended in pregnancy and while breastfeeding when advised by a doctor or health worker.
Precautions and Warnings
- Do not take iron for anaemia without finding the cause; blood tests may be needed.
- Tell the doctor about stomach ulcers, bowel disease or thalassaemia.
- Do not take two iron products at the same time unless advised.
- Keep all iron tablets well away from children; iron poisoning is dangerous for young children.
Overdose
Iron overdose is an emergency, especially in children. Early signs are vomiting, diarrhoea, stomach pain and drowsiness; the person can seem better for a while before becoming seriously ill. Go to hospital immediately even if the child looks well, and take the pack.
Therapeutic Class
Iron preparation (antianaemic, haematinic).
Storage
Store below 30°C in a dry place, away from light and out of the reach of children.
Prepared by the Oshud Alo team from standard drug references. For information only; always follow your doctor's advice.