Indications
Omega-3 fatty acids are healthy fats, mainly EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) and DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) from fish oil or algae, and ALA (alpha-linolenic acid) from some plant oils. As supplements they are used to support heart health, to lower high blood triglycerides (a type of blood fat), to meet increased needs during pregnancy and breastfeeding, and as part of supplements intended to support general and reproductive health in women and men planning a pregnancy. Evidence for a direct effect on fertility is limited.
How It Works
EPA and DHA become part of the membranes of cells throughout the body. They reduce the liver’s production of triglycerides, have anti-inflammatory effects, help keep heart rhythm stable, and DHA is an important building block of the brain and eyes, including in the developing baby. In reproductive health they are thought to support hormone balance and the quality of eggs and sperm, though this is not proven.
Dosage and Administration
Take by mouth with a meal as directed on the label. For general health, supplements usually provide 250 to 1,000 mg of EPA plus DHA a day. During pregnancy and breastfeeding, at least 200 mg of DHA a day is commonly advised. Higher doses for lowering triglycerides should only be taken as prescribed by a doctor. Swallow capsules whole.
Interactions
At higher doses, omega-3 may slightly increase the risk of bleeding when taken with blood thinners such as Warfarin, Aspirin, Clopidogrel or Apixaban. It may add to the effect of blood pressure medicines. Tell your doctor about all medicines and supplements you take, and before any surgery.
Contraindications
- Allergy to fish, shellfish or any ingredient of the product (algae-based products may suit people with fish allergy; check the label).
- Bleeding disorders, unless a doctor agrees.
Side Effects
Common effects include a fishy aftertaste or burps, indigestion, nausea and loose stools; taking it with food or freezing the capsules may help. High doses (more than 3 g a day) may increase bleeding risk and, in people with heart disease, have been linked with an irregular heartbeat (atrial fibrillation).
Get urgent medical help for signs of a severe allergic reaction such as swelling of the face or throat or difficulty breathing, unusual bleeding or bruising, black stools, or a racing or irregular heartbeat.
Pregnancy and Lactation
Omega-3, especially DHA, is generally considered safe and beneficial during pregnancy and breastfeeding at usual supplement doses. Choose purified products that are tested for mercury and other contaminants, and avoid fish liver oils in pregnancy because of their high vitamin A content.
Precautions and Warnings
People with diabetes, liver disease or bleeding problems should ask a doctor before taking high doses. Supplements do not replace a balanced diet with oily fish. Fertility problems need proper medical assessment of both partners.
Overdose
Very large amounts may cause diarrhoea, stomach upset and a higher risk of bleeding. Seek medical advice and take the pack with you.
Therapeutic Class
Essential fatty acid food supplement
Storage
Store below 30°C in a dry place, away from light and out of the reach of children. Keep the container tightly closed.
Prepared by the Oshud Alo team from standard drug references. For information only; always follow your doctor's advice.