Indications
Procaine Penicillin (Procaine Benzylpenicillin) is a long-acting form of penicillin given by injection into a muscle. In Bangladesh it is mostly sold in veterinary injections, often combined with Benzylpenicillin and Streptomycin, to treat bacterial infections in cattle, buffalo, goats, sheep and other animals, such as pneumonia, mastitis, wound infections, navel ill, foot rot and infections after calving. In human medicine it has been used for some infections such as syphilis, but this is decided by a doctor. Products labelled for animals are not for human use.
How It Works
Penicillin stops bacteria from building their cell walls, so they burst and die. Procaine binds to the penicillin and releases it slowly from the injection site, so effective levels last for about a day after each injection. Streptomycin, when included, widens the range of bacteria covered.
Dosage and Administration
Animals: give only as directed on the label or by a veterinarian, by deep injection into a muscle. The dose depends on the species and body weight, and treatment usually continues for several days. Shake the vial well before use and use clean needles. Humans: given by a doctor or nurse only, at a dose set by the doctor. Never inject into a vein.
Interactions
Bacteriostatic antibiotics such as Tetracyclines and Chloramphenicol may reduce the effect of penicillin. Probenecid raises penicillin levels. In combination products, Streptomycin can add to kidney and hearing damage when used with other aminoglycosides or strong diuretics. Follow the vet’s advice before combining with other treatments.
Contraindications
Do not use in animals or people allergic to penicillin or procaine. Do not use in small rodents and rabbits such as guinea pigs, hamsters and rabbits, where penicillin can cause fatal gut problems. Combination products with Streptomycin are not used in animals with kidney disease unless the vet advises.
Side Effects
Pain or swelling at the injection site can occur. Allergic reactions can range from skin swelling and hives to sudden collapse. Accidental injection into a vein can cause procaine reactions such as trembling, excitement, convulsions or collapse. In pregnant animals, some reactions have been linked to abortion.
Get urgent veterinary or medical help if an animal or person has difficulty breathing, swelling of the face, collapse, seizures or severe agitation after an injection. People handling the product who develop a rash, swelling of the face or breathing difficulty after skin contact or accidental self-injection should seek medical help at once.
Pregnancy and Lactation
In animals, use in pregnancy only on veterinary advice. Milk from treated animals must not be used for people until the withdrawal period on the label has passed. In humans, penicillin is generally considered acceptable in pregnancy and breastfeeding when prescribed by a doctor.
Precautions and Warnings
Observe the meat and milk withdrawal periods on the label before slaughter or milking for human use. Complete the full course. People allergic to penicillin should avoid handling the product; wear gloves and wash hands after use. Use antibiotics only when needed to reduce resistance.
Overdose
Overdose is unlikely to be dangerous from penicillin itself, but large amounts of procaine or Streptomycin may cause nervous signs, kidney or hearing damage. Contact a veterinarian or doctor.
Therapeutic Class
Antibiotic, long-acting penicillin (beta-lactam); mainly veterinary use.
Storage
Store as directed on the pack, usually in a refrigerator at 2 to 8°C or below 25°C, protected from light; do not freeze. Keep out of the reach of children.
Prepared by the Oshud Alo team from standard drug references. For information only; always follow your doctor's advice.