Indications
Sodium cromoglycate is used to prevent allergy symptoms. Eye drops are used for allergic conjunctivitis (itchy, watery, red eyes from hay fever, dust or pollen). Nasal sprays and drops are used for allergic rhinitis (sneezing, itchy and runny nose); in Bangladesh it is often combined with the decongestant Xylometazoline. Inhaled forms are used in some people to prevent asthma attacks.
How It Works
It is a mast cell stabiliser. Mast cells are immune cells that release histamine and other chemicals when they meet an allergen. Sodium cromoglycate keeps these cells from releasing those chemicals, so it prevents symptoms rather than giving quick relief. It may take several days of regular use to work fully.
Dosage and Administration
Eye drops (2%): adults and children, 1 to 2 drops in each eye 4 times a day. Nasal spray (plain): usually 1 spray in each nostril 2 to 4 times a day. Combination nasal products with Xylometazoline: follow the label, usually 1 spray or drop in each nostril up to 3 times a day, for no more than 7 days. Inhaled forms: as prescribed. Keep using it regularly during the allergy season or while exposed to the allergen, even when you feel well.
Interactions
No important interactions are known, because very little is absorbed into the body. Combination products with Xylometazoline should not be used with MAO inhibitors or by people taking Tricyclic antidepressants without medical advice. Wait at least 5 minutes between different eye drops.
Contraindications
- Allergy to sodium cromoglycate or any ingredient of the product, including the preservative.
- Combination nasal products with Xylometazoline: children under the age stated on the pack, closed-angle glaucoma, and after surgery through the nose.
Side Effects
Eye drops: brief stinging, burning or blurred vision after use. Nasal products: nasal irritation, sneezing, nosebleed or an unpleasant taste. Inhaled forms: cough and throat irritation. Combination products with Xylometazoline can cause dryness of the nose and, with use for more than 7 days, a blocked nose that comes back worse.
Get urgent medical help for signs of a serious allergic reaction such as swelling of the face, lips or throat, difficulty breathing or a widespread rash, or for wheezing or tight chest straight after using an inhaler.
Pregnancy and Lactation
Very little reaches the bloodstream, and it is generally considered suitable in pregnancy and breastfeeding when needed; ask a doctor first, especially in the first three months. Combination products containing Xylometazoline should only be used in pregnancy on a doctor’s advice.
Precautions and Warnings
- It does not relieve a sudden asthma attack; use your reliever inhaler for that.
- Remove soft contact lenses before using eye drops and wait 15 minutes before putting them back.
- Do not use decongestant combination products for more than 7 days.
- Do not share eye drops or nasal sprays, and do not touch the tip to the eye or nose.
- See a doctor if eye pain, light sensitivity or worsening vision occurs.
Overdose
Overdose is unlikely to be harmful because very little is absorbed. If a small child swallows a combination nasal product containing Xylometazoline, seek medical help straight away, as it can cause drowsiness and breathing problems in young children.
Therapeutic Class
Mast cell stabiliser (anti-allergic medicine).
Storage
Store below 30°C in a dry place, away from light and out of the reach of children. Throw away eye drops and nasal sprays 4 weeks after opening, or as stated on the pack.
Prepared by the Oshud Alo team from standard drug references. For information only; always follow your doctor's advice.