Curcumin

Indications

Curcuminoids are the yellow active compounds of turmeric (Curcuma longa), mainly curcumin. Standardised curcuminoid capsules and tablets are used as a supplement to:

• Help ease joint pain and stiffness in osteoarthritis, often alongside usual treatment
• Support the body in other mild, long-term inflammatory conditions
• Provide antioxidant support

Evidence is strongest for modest relief of osteoarthritis pain. Curcuminoids are not a cure and do not replace medicines prescribed by your doctor.

How It Works

Curcumin reduces the activity of several chemical signals in the body that drive inflammation and pain, such as NF-kB, COX-2 and certain cytokines. It also neutralises harmful free radicals (an antioxidant effect). Plain curcumin is poorly absorbed from the gut, so many products are combined with piperine (black pepper extract) or special formulations to improve absorption.

Dosage and Administration

Take as directed on the label. Common amounts in studies for joint pain are 500 mg to 1,000 mg of curcuminoids a day, in divided doses with meals. It may take 4 to 8 weeks to notice benefit. Not recommended for children unless a doctor advises it.

Interactions

Curcumin may increase the risk of bleeding with blood thinners such as Warfarin, Clopidogrel and Aspirin, and with NSAIDs used regularly. It may add to the effect of diabetes medicines and lower blood sugar. Products with piperine can change the blood levels of many medicines, including Phenytoin, Theophylline and some heart medicines. It may reduce iron absorption. Stop taking it about 2 weeks before planned surgery and tell your doctor about all supplements you use.

Contraindications

• Known allergy to turmeric or any ingredient
• Gallstones or blockage of the bile ducts
• Bleeding disorders, or within 2 weeks before surgery
• Active liver disease, unless a doctor agrees

Side Effects

Curcuminoids are usually well tolerated. Possible side effects include:

• Stomach upset, acidity, nausea or loose stools
• Headache or dizziness
• Skin rash
• Easy bruising (with high doses or with blood thinners)

Rare cases of liver injury have been reported with turmeric supplements. Get urgent medical help if you notice yellowing of the eyes or skin, dark urine, severe stomach pain, unusual bleeding or black stools, or signs of allergy such as swelling of the face or difficulty breathing.

Pregnancy and Lactation

Turmeric used in food is safe. Concentrated curcuminoid supplements are not recommended during pregnancy or breastfeeding, as their safety at these doses has not been established.

Precautions and Warnings

• See a doctor if joints are hot, red and swollen, or if pain is severe or getting worse.
• Take care if you have stomach ulcers or reflux, as it may worsen acidity.
• People with diabetes should check blood sugar more often when starting.
• Do not take more than the label dose.

Overdose

Large amounts may cause nausea, diarrhoea and stomach pain. Seek medical help if much more than the label dose has been taken or if a child has swallowed the product.

Therapeutic Class

Herbal anti-inflammatory supplement (turmeric extract)

Storage

Store below 30°C in a dry place, away from light and out of the reach of children.